Consequences of earthquake pdf

Earthquakes are one of the most destructive of u11 naturar disasters. The primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Knowing more about the effects of earthquakes helps us understand the mitigation steps that must be taken to protect a. Unit 4 earthquake effects introduction in the last unit, we looked at the causes and characteristics of earthquakes. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. Consequences resulting from a major earthquake in the central u. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Causes, consequences, prediction, and response boris w. In the 27 march 1964 alaskan earthquake, for example, strong ground shaking lasted for as much as 7 minutes. Levin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. In past decades a large number of reconnaissance surveys have been carried out, recording the direct impacts of earthquake ground motion as well as those due. Earthquake consequences and measures for reduction of seismic. Earthquakes can be especially deadly for developing areas because they often do not have stringent construction standards and technology that would protect people.

Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article. While an earthquake occurs only for a few seconds, the aftershocks can go on for days after that. Few are unobserved but their consequences are noteworthy like solarquake or magnetohelioseismic activities etc. Earthquakes are measured on a logarithmic scale developed by charles richter in 1935, called the richter scale. Positive and negative effects of earthquakes sciencing. An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the surface of the earth. Pdf economic consequences of earthquake saket kumar. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. Now lets take a look at an earthquake s effects on the natural and built environments. Types of disasters and their consequences medscape. Out of these some are observed like earthquake, tsunami etc and tolerated by us. Pdf economic consequences of the gujarat earthquake. Consequences resulting from a major earthquake in the.

Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. An introduction to the global earthquake consequences database. It is a result of the passage of seismic waves through the ground, and ranges from quite gentle in small earthquakes to incredibly violent in large earthquakes. The 2010 earthquake in haiti killed more than 230,000 people. The great earthquake that hit alaska just five years agoon march 27, 1964was so devastating that the white house asked the national research council, an affiliate of the national academy of sciences, to conduct an exhaustive study of the disaster and its consequences. Earthquakes are sudden slippages or movements in a portion of the earths crust accompanied by a series of vibrations. Schematic drawing of the tsunami generation by the bottom oscillating motion in some instances, the earthquake may initiate faults and fractures in bottom rock. The earthquake off the coast of indonesia in 2008 released a tsunami that killed more than 280,000 people. Earthquake magnitude earthquake severity richter magnitude earthquake effects less than 3. This article discusses the consequences of earthquaka on material property.